Pdf stem cell therapy in treatment of different diseases. Fill in the blanks activity this activity involves the students listening to an audio clip and asks that they work though an exercise worksheet worksheet 1 and fill in the blanks of the passage which covers the theory of what stem cells are, the features of stem cells, and how. Stem cells are basic cells of all multicellular organisms having the potency to differentiate into wide. Learning objectives stem cells give rise to multiple types of cells in response to signals they receive.
Stem cells are defined as cells that have clonogenic and selfrenewing capabilities and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Chapter 1 covers the science of stem cells and includes several case studies from stem cell scientists. Stem cell research is being pursued in the hope of achieving major medical breakthroughs. While most blood stem cells reside in the bone marrow, a small number are present in the bloodstream. The ability of a stem cell to divide to produce more undifferentiated stem cells. Several longknown oncogenic pathways are pivotal to the maintenance of normal stem cell selfrenewal. Embryonic stem cell lines can be created from donated embryos. Embryonic stem cells can give rise to cells from all three embryonic germ. Tissue engineers have also grown what whole organs in animals. Adult stem cells are multipotent, which means they can produce many, but not all, types of differentiated cells. In the lab, embryonic stem cells keep reproducing themselves until theyre coaxed into creating specific types of cells. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell. Embryonic stem cells are derived from a very early embryo, and adult stem cells are found in postnatal tissues, not only of the body but also the umbilical cord. Characteristics of embryonic stem cells blastocyst stem cell 1.
To summarize, the body has certain types of stem cells that become a variety of different cells, but there is one more thing that makes the stem. Engineering our community challenge 1 what can stem do for communities. Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and tissue in our bodies. Introducing stem cells stem cell research uses of stem. Stem cells are either embryonic stem cells or adult stem cells. Singh maulana azad medical college and associated lok nayak and g. However, the body of such an organism is clearly composed of many different types of cells. Structures, processes, and responses of plants structure and function of plants. Stem cells give rise to multiple types of cells in response to signals they receive. This article is part of a series the conversation africa is running on stem cell research and therapy. Embryonic stem cells, which can be derived from a very early stage in human.
Scientists discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryos nearly 30 years ago, in 1981. This is a student activity sheet to follow the stem cell internet activities at learn genetics utah. For example some will become bone cells, muscle cells, skin cells, liver cells, heart cells, brain cells, stem cells etc. Cancer stem cells not all the cells within a tumor can maintain tumor growth, most cancers are not clonal. Since stem cells are becoming such an important subject, i thought this would be a. Stem cells are distinguished from other cell types by two important characteristics. What are stem cells and how can stem cells be used in medicine. Activity sheet c activity sheet a engineering in our community challenge 2 how are communities engineered. This packet contains different activities that are all about cells. Scientists can then influence what type of cell a stem cell grows in to by adding chemicals to the cell culture or changing how the cells are grown. A word gap exercise followed by a few questions on stem cells. Embryonic stem cells stemcells nih gov stem cell worksheet. Despite preventive mechanisms adult stem cells may accumulate mutations over the years.
Stem cells can become many other types of cells and they can replicate themselves very quickly. Differentiation making specialized cells your body needs stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated or blank cells found in the human body that have the potential to develop into many different cell types that carry out different functions. Currently most fetal stem cells come from abor ted fetuses. Stem cell analogy below is an analogy showing how unspecialised stem cells can be likened to an unspecialised high school student. Below you will read descriptions of different examples of stem cells. Pant hospitals, new delhi 2, india stem cell therapy is emerging as a potentially revolution ary new way to treat disease and injury, with wideranging medical benefits. It includes labeling models, multiple choice, matching, fillintheblank and free response questions. Download worksheets from toolkititem allaboutstemcells to provide a structure for the presentation or poster. Recently, techniques have been developed for the in vitro culture of stem cells, providing unprecedented opportunities for studying and. Stem cells from the donor marrow replace the diseased blood cells with healthy blood cells.
Growth factors can be used to make stem cells differentiate into specialized cell types. Today, the use of hematopoietic stem cells, which can be found in the blood that remains in the vein of the umbilical cord and placenta after birth, is a proven treatment of more than 80 diseases. She now coordinates public engagement projects for the university of edinburgh most recently researchers in residence and is a lecturer in science communication. Cancer stem cells in breast cancer, brain tumors, certain forms of leukemia, and gastric tumor. The most powerful criticism of stem cell research revolves around the fact that it necessarily and universally involves destroying human embryos. This worksheet accompanies the go go stem cells activity on learn. Explain to students that they will learn about stem cells first by reading about examples of stem cells. The big ideas in sixth grade science include exploring the life, earth, and physical sciences within the framework of the following topics. Stem cell can turn into any other cell type depending on the instructions received from the body. Pluripotent stem cells stem cells that can become all the cell types that are found in an implanted embryo, fetus or developed organism. For example, a bloodforming adult stem cell in the bone marrow normally gives rise to the many types of blood cells. Since they can be obtained from drawn blood, pbscs are easier to collect than bone marrow. Nova online teachers classroom activity nova sciencenow. Animal and plant cells worksheet luxury plants and animals cells printable science worksheets help kids learn, recall, and apply the basic differences between plant and animal cells with our free science worksheet.
Tomar assistant professor, department of biotechnology engineering, faculty of engineering and technology, manav rachna international university, sector 43, aravalli hills, delhisurajkund road. The first decade or so of research on stem cells since the first isolation of embryonic stem cells in 1998 revolutionized the way we think about regenerative medicine. Structures, processes, and responses of animals structure and function of animals. All of the cells within a complex multicellular organism, such as a human being, contain the same dna. Most stem cell research uses cells obtained from adult tissue, umbilical cord blood, and other sources that pose no moral problem. The invention of the microscope in the late 1500s revealed to early scientists a whole new world of tiny cells. Stem cells can renew themselves a process called selfrenewal, and they can also make a variety of other kinds of cells. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can develop into nearly any type of body cell. The highly specialized cells that make up these tissues originally came from an initial pool of stem cells formed shortly after fertilization.
Stem cells exist all around the body in protective microenvironments called niches. The quiz will ask about several types of stem cells and their characteristics. There are skin, bone, blood, kidney, heart, and many other cells. Describe where stem cells can be found in animals and plants. Adult stem cells ascs are found in close proximity to vessels. Biotechnology, making tremors and the first two editions of stem cells. Based on the above examples, form a tentative definition of stem cells. Stem cells have the ability to turn into any other type of cell in the body, an ability known as pluripotency. Their game cards have letters which represent specific proteins in a gene. The cells can divide to make copies of themselves for a prolonged period of time without differentiating. Explore stem cells find out about stem cells and stem cell research. Showing top 8 worksheets in the category stem cell.
He also reads a lot about research other scientists are doing on adult stem cells. Stem cell are biological cells found in all multi cell ular organisms, that can divide through mitosis and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and selfrenew to produce more stem cells. Stem cells are one of the most amazing types of cell in your body because they can 1 make copies of themselves and 2 make other types of cells like skin cells, nerve cells or blood cells. This is followed by a section on the legal aspects of stem cell research, both from a. These peripheral blood stem cells pbscs, can be used just like bone marrow stem cells to treat leukemia, other cancers and various blood disorders. Your body retains some stem cells for your entire life. Useful stem cells have been found in bone marrow, blood, muscle, fat, nerves, and even in the pulp of baby teeth. Jan, 2018 a word gap exercise followed by a few questions on stem cells. Because of their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, stem cells hold the potential to treat a variety of human diseases.
Stem cells are found in all of us, from the early stages of human development to the end of life. Fetal stem cells hold incredible potential to be used to treat all types of illnesses and are useful in research because scientists manipulate them to generate different cell and tissue types necessary for research. Techniques used in the stem cell field have identified selfrenewing cells. Understanding stem cells division on earth and life studies. To be used for therapies, embryonic stem cells would first need to be differentiated into specialized cell types. Education resources and activities for educational settings. Unknown whether the tissue stem cell degenerates, or if a more differentiated cell reacquires stem cell phenotype. Adult stem cells typically generate the cell types of the tissue in which they reside. Several scientists have already begun attempting to generate living human clones, and the generation of embryonic stem cells provides a. Describe how stem cells could be used to help treat some medical conditions. Remind students to take fairly uniform size steps forward and backward depending on what the symbols are called out on their card. Aug 19, 2015 a beginners guide to understanding stem cells. Engineering our community stem challenges and activity sheets.
Stem cells the body has many different types of cells, over 200 of them, and each type has a special function. A stem cell product designed to avoid the need for a matched donor recently received limited approval in. Points of view 11 to 14 year olds february 2010, updated january 2012 grant cameron scientist about grant cameron. Stem cell facts analogy to help explain the concept of stem. The highly specialized cells that make up these tissues originally came from an initial pool of stem cells. In the end, different cell types form, each with a distinct epigenetic profile and specialized function. However, your body also includes some very special and unique cells called stem cells. Reading the newspapers 11 to 14 year olds february 2010, updated jan 12 stem cells in the news our bodies are made of millions of cells that work together to help you think, talk, laugh, run around. Unspecialized cells that can develop into differentiated cells are called stem cells.
Derived from preimplantation or periimplantation embryo 2. Embryonic stem cells if cultured in vitro pluripotent stem cells cells within the inner cell mass multipotent multimany, much able to make a range of cells within a particular tissue type such as blood after 14 days from cells of the developing individual as well as adult cord blood stem cells adult stem cells adult vs. Read through all the examples with the following tasks in. Cell differentiation worksheet teachers pay teachers. Apr 08, 2015 about this document this primer on stem cells is intended for anyone who wishes to learn more about the biological properties of stem cells, the important questions about stem cells that are the focus of scientific research, and the potential use of stem cells in research and in treating disease. Nov, 2017 lesson for cell biology in new aqa biology gcse. Stem cells are basic cells that can change into any other type of cell that our body needs. These images show human embryonic stem cell colonies, as grown in 1998 by researchers at the university of wisconsinmadison, in different stages of development. Stem cells are traditionally studied in the context of embryonic development, yet studies confirm that a fraction remains in the adult organism for the purpose of daily remodeling and rejuvenation of multiple tissues following injury.
They supply signals that keep the stem cells from differentiating until they are called into action. Tissue engineers are currently using stem cells to repair what type of tissue. Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand column that matches the structurefunction in the left hand column. All stem cells may prove useful for medical research, but each of the different types has both promise and limitations. Give students 10 minutes of silent reading time, during which they will be reading about 7 examples of types of stem cells and working to create their own definitions of stem cells, and organize stem. Stem cells also exist in our tissues as we agethey too can give rise to new. How does the niche control stem cell differentiation. What can happen if the niche doesnt function properly. Embryonic stem cells are the pluripotent cells of an early embryo. Questions and answers was developed as a resource by the secretariat for prolife activities of the united states conference of catholic bishops usccb. This worksheet has the students read through the description of the process and then has them color and fill in words on the diagram. Embryonic stem cells escs are important for development of a fetus and may be extracted from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst for the purpose of escbased therapies. Cell organelles worksheet frankford township school. However, such undifferentiated stem cells could not be used directly for tissue transplants because they can cause a type of tumor called a teratoma.
From stem cell to any cell science news for students. This presents an extremely valuable source of embryonic stem cells for research into drug testing, development and tissue regeneration. Describe in simple terms how cells genetically identical to a patient could be obtained. He is in charge of one of the top research teams working on embryonic stem cells. Printable sixth grade science worksheets and study guides. If a cell becomes unhealthy stem cells have the ability to replace dead or damaged cells with new healthy cells.
Some of these cells are already being used to treat people with a wide variety of diseases. Some genes are only turned on in specific types of cells because they have specialized jobs for those cell types, like muscle or brain cells. Scientists use various types of stem cells in the lab to gain a better understanding of how normal human development works and to look for new methods of treating a wide range of devastating human ailments. What are three sources of stem cells that can be used to treat bloodbased diseases. It works well with the ngss requirement for knowledge about cell specialization. General stem cell knowledge reprogramming eurostemcell resource.